Readings/References:
Spatial Analysis of Disease Patterns

Course instructors:

  1. Introduction to Spatial and Temporal Analysis in Health

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Gatrell, A. C. and M. Loytonen. 1998. GIS and Health Research: an Introduction. In: GIS and Health (Eds. A. C. Gatrell and M. Loytonen). Taylor and Francis, pp. 3-16.
    2. Gesler, Wil. 1986. The Uses of Spatial Analysis in Medical Geography: a Review. Soc. Sci. Med. 23:10, pp. 963-973.
    Reference Readings:
    1. English, D. 1996. Geographical epidemiology and ecological studies. In: Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology (Eds. Elliott et al.). Oxford University Press.


  2. GIS and Spatial Data handling

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Croner et al. 1996. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): New Perspectives in Understanding Human Health and Environmental Relationships. Statistics in Medicine 15:1961-1977.
    2. Jacquez, G. M. and L. I. Kheifets. 1993. Synthetic cancer variables and the construction and testing of synthetic risk maps. Statistics in Medicine 12:1931-1942.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Bailey, T. C. and A. C. Gatrell. 1995. Interactive Spatial Data Analysis. Longman Scientific & Technical. pp. 48-62.
    2. Sokal, R. R. and G. M. Jacquez. 1991. Testing inferences about microevolutionary processes by means of spatial autocorrelation analysis. Evolution 45:152-168.


  3. Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and Scientific Visualization

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Jacquez, G. M. 1998. GIS as an enabling technology. In GIS and Health (Eds. A. C. Gatrell and M. Loytonen). Taylor and Francis.
    2. Pages 33-35 in Cliff, A. D. and P. Haggett. 1988. Atlas of Disease Distributions: Analytic Approaches to Epidemiological Data. Blackwell, Ltd., Oxford, UK. (for BW-join statistics)
    Reference Readings:
    1. Jacquez, G. M. 1994. Chapter 4: The Statistical Frame of Mind. In: Stat! Statistical Software for the Clustering of Health Events. BioMedware Press, Ann Arbor.
    2. Pages 241-242 in Sokal, R. R. and F. J. Rohlf. 1983. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. (multiplicative inequality)
    3. Pages 5-51, 5-52 in Jacquez, G. M. 1994. Chapter 5: Which test do I use?. In: Stat! Statistical Software for the Clustering of Health Events. BioMedware Press, Ann Arbor.
    4. Aickein, M. and H. Gensler. 1996. Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting test results: The Bonferroni vs. Holm methods. American Journal of Public Health 86:726-728.
    5. Thomas, D. C. 1985. The problem of multiple inference in identifying point-source environmental hazards. Environmental Health Perspectives 62:407-414.


  4. Spatial Statistics

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Jacquez (In prep). Spatial Randomization and Statistical Inference. Chapter 1: Spatial data and statistical inference (complete).
    2. Cliff, A. D. and J. Ord. Spatial Processes: Models and Applications. Chapter 4, pp. 86-99.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Jacquez (In prep). Spatial Randomization and Statistical Inference. Chapter 2: Spatial statistics as gamma products, section 2.2., 2.3b.
    2. Mollison, D. and K. Kuulasmaa. 1985. Spatial Epidemic Models: Theory and Simulations. In: Population Dynamics of Rabies in Wildlife. Ed. P. J. Bacon. Academic Press.


  5. Disease Clusters

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Jacquez, GM, R Grimson, LA Waller, DE Wartenberg. 1996. The analysis of disease clusters Part II: Introduction to Techniques. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 17:385-397.
    2. Kulldorff, M. 1998. Statistical methods for spatial epidemiology: Tests for randomness. In GIS and Health (Eds T. Gatrell and M. Loytonen). Taylor and Francis.


  6. The Search for Spatial Associations

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Composite of two articles:
      • Richardson, S. 1990. A method for testing the significance of geographical correlations with application to industrial lung cancer in France. Statistics in Medicine, 9: 515-528
      • Haining, R. 1991. Bivariate Correlation with Spatial Data Geographical Analysis 23, #3, 210-227.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Clifford, P., Richardson, S. and Hemon, D. 1989. Assessing the significance of the correlation between two spatial processes. Biometrics 45, 123-134.
    2. Dutilleul, P. 1993. Modifying the t Test for Assessing the Correlation Between Two Spatial Processes. Biometrics 49, 305-314.
    3. Haining, R. 1991. Bivariate Correlation with Spatial Data Geographical Analysis 23, #3, 210-227.


  7. Designer Spatial Statistics

    Summary


    Readings are from Jacquez, G. M. (In Prep). Spatial Randomization and Statistical Inference.
    Principal Readings:

    1. Chapter 2: Spatial statistics as gamma products.
    2. Chapter 3: Proximity metrics and the alternative hypothesis. Sections 3.1-3.4.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Chapter 4: Similarity, dissimilarity, and distance. Sections 4.1-4.3, and 4.9.
    2. Chapter 6: The null hypothesis and spatial randomization. Sections 6.1, 6.3-6.5, 6.7, and 6.10.


  8. Leaps and Creeps: Hierarchical Spatial Models

    Summary


    Principal readings:

    1. Smallman-Raynor, Matthew and Andrew D. Cliff. The Philippines insurrection and the 1902-4 cholera epidemic: Part I - Epidemiological diffusion processes in war Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 24, No. 1. January 1998, pp. 69-89.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Smallman-Raynor, Matthew and Andrew D. Cliff. The Philippines insurrection and the 1902-4 cholera epidemic: Part II - Diffusion Patterns in war and peace Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 24, No. 1. January 1998, pp. 69-89.
    2. Gould, Peter. Spatial diffusion. Association of American Geographers, 1969. Series: Resource paper (Association of American Geographers. Commission on College Geography); no. 4. Especially pp. 1-23; 26-38 discuss the MIF (mean information field)
    3. Cliff, A.D. et al. Spatial diffusion : an historical geography of epidemics in an island community. Cambridge University Press, 1981.
    4. Gould, Peter. 1993, The Slow Plague, Blackwell; out of print.


  9. Disease Surveillance

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Brownson, R. C. 1998. Outbreak and Cluster Investigations. In Applied Epidemiology (Eds R. C. Brownson and D. B. Petitti). Oxford University Press.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Centers for Disease Control. 1990. Guidelines for Investigating Clusters of Health events. MMWR 39 (RR-11):1-23.
    2. Jacquez, G. M., L. A. Waller, R. Grimson, D. Wartenberg. 1996. The Analysis of Disease Clusters, Part I: State of the Art. Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol. 117:319-327.
    3. Thacker, S. B., D. F. Stroup, R. G. Parrish, H. A. Anderson. 1996. Surveillance in environmental public health: Issues, systems and sources. American Journal of Public Health 86:633-638.


  10. Pattern and Process: Application of local and space-time spatial statistics to epidemiological data.

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Kitron, Uriel. 1998. Landscape Ecology and Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Diseases: Tools for Spatial Analysis. Journal of Medical Entomology. 35:4., pp. 435-445.
    2. Chadee D. D., and U. Kitron. 1999. Malaria surveillance in Trinidad: imported cases and risk of outbreaks. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol. 61:4, pp. 513-517.


  11. Geostatistical Models and Methods

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Carrat, F. and A. Valleron. Epidemiologic Mapping using the 'Kriging' Method: Application to an Influenza-like illness Epidemic in France. AJE, 135:11, pp. 1293-1300.
    Reference Readings:
    1. Webster R., et al. 1994. Kriging the Local Risk of a Rare Disease from a Register of Diagnoses. Geographical Analysis, 26:2, pp. 168-185.


  12. Pattern and Process: Gaining insights from time-space characteristics of disease distribution

    Summary

    Principal Readings:

    1. none


  13. Unanswered questions and future directions

    Summary


    Principal Readings:

    1. Jacquez, G. Spatial Analysis in Epidemiology: Nascent Science or a Failure of GIS. GeoSystems. In Press. 2000.

Page by Andy Long. Comments appreciated.

aelon@sph.umich.edu