col(x, as.factor=FALSE)
| x | a matrix. | 
| as.factor | a logical value indicating whether the value should be returned as a factor rather than as numeric. | 
x and whose
ij-th element is equal to j.row to get rows.# extract an off-diagonal of a matrix ma <- matrix(1:12, 3,4) ma[row(ma)==col(ma) + 1] # create an identity 5-by-5 matrix x <- matrix(0,nr=5,nc=5) x[row(x)==col(x)] <- 1