Add `Jitter' (Noise) to Numbers

Usage

jitter(x, factor=1, amount = NULL)

Description

jitter(x,...) returns a numeric of the same length as x, but with an amount of noise added in order to break ties. The result, say r, is r <- x + runif(n, -a, a) where n <- length(x) and a is the amount argument (if specified).

Details

Let z <- max(x) - min(x) (assuming the usual case). The amount a to be added is either provided as positive argument amount or otherwise computed from z, as follows:

If amount == 0, we set a <- factor * z/50 (same as S).

If amount is NULL (default), we set a <- factor * d/5 where d is the smallest difference between adjacent unique (apart from fuzz) x values.

Author(s)

Werner Stahel and Martin Maechler, ETH Zurich

References

Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.~S., Kleiner, B. and Tukey, P.A. (1983). Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Wadsworth; figures 2.8, 4.22, 5.4.

See Also

rug which you may want to combine with jitter.

Examples

round(jitter(c(rep(1,3),  rep(1.2, 4), rep(3,3))), 3)
## These two `fail' with S-plus 3.x:
jitter(rep(0, 7))
jitter(rep(10000,5))


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