Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics.

Using the information provided at the USGS website(s) and your textbook, answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1)       What is a plate (in geological terms)?

2)      What evidence provides information about the nature of the earth’s core?

3)      In two or three sentences summarize the theory of plate tectonics.

4)       Continental drift theory was the forerunner of plate tectonics theory. Who was the first to propose continental drift theory? When? Was this theory well received by his contemporaries?

5)       In what general way did fossil evidence suggest to A. W .that the continents must have been joined at one time?

6)      What name is given to the super continent that gave rise to all extant major land masses? Presumably when did this supercontinent break up?

7)       What four major types of evidence emerged after 1950 that provided substantial support for plate tectonics theory?

8)      Explain why ancient rocks are not found on the seafloor.

9)      What are the three major categories of plate boundaries and what happens at each?

10)  What is an oceanic trench? What is its relationship to major plate boundaries? Explain the relationship.

11)  The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a good example of which type of plate boundary?

12)  Iceland is part of which tectonic plate(s)? Is Iceland growing or is it getting smaller? Justify your answer.

13)  Are divergent zone sites of volcanism? Explain why or why not.

14)  What is the general cause of earthquakes? Do they occur with equal frequency in all parts of the lithosphere?

15)  The Richter scale measures an earthquake's magnitude. On what is it based (energy released, physical damage done, number of deaths, etc.)

16)  What was the strongest magnitude earthquake ever recorded in the United States?

 

 

Additional Plate Tectonics Questions:

1. Seismic and volcanic activity occur near the Aleutian Islands. What type of plate boundary has been responsible for this activity and for the formation of these islands? Would you expect to find a trench at this boundary? Justify your answer.

2. Are the Hawaiian Islands associated with a plate boundary? If yes, what type of boundary? If no, what has been responsible for their formation? Why do the islands form a chain?

3. What type of plate boundary is associated with the following geological features:

a. the Himalayas

b. the Cascade Mountains in the northwest USA

b. the San Andreas fault in southern California

4. What forces are thought to be responsible for plate movements?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rock Types and the Rock Cycle

 

Objective: The objective of this exercise is to be able to classify samples of the 3 types of rocks and to construct a rock cycle using the rock & mineral samples provided.

 

Supplies:

            1 box with rock & mineral samples

            Magnifying lens

            Textbook

            Rock poster

            Internet

 

Procedure:

1.      Your first objective is to classify your rock samples in one of three rock types

a.       Use the rock labels as you make you classification list

b.      List the properties of the rock samples

 

2.      Now use the internet to learn about the rock cycle. The following website is a great place to start: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

 

3.      Once you have information on the rock cycle, describe how each rock may have formed and predict from the rock cycle three different changes the rock could undergo next if left in a natural setting.

 

 

4.      Finally, take your rock samples from question 1 and organize them into the rock cycle starting with the mineral samples.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Role of Density in Plate Tectonics

 

Plate tectonics deals with the movement of the plates that make up the surface of the earth. As a result of this movement we have convergent, divergent and transform boundaries. The experiment we will run today will allow us to explore why we see these various boundary types.

 

Objective: To determine the density of various types of rocks and relate these findings to the boundary types we see occurring on earth as a result of plate tectonics.

 

Supplies:           Several types of rocks

                        Ruler

                        Caliper

                        Graduated cylinder

                        Balance

                        Water

 

Procedure: It is up to you to design your experiment to meet your objective.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plate tectonics Presentation

 

You and a partner will select a topic from the list below and investigate the tectonic activity associated with that site. You should include the tectonic activity behind your topic and the potential human and environmental impact of the tectonic activity. You will present your findings as a power point presentation in class and each person will turn in a one-page write up of their findings.

 

Topics: You may select one of these or find your own topic and have it approved by your instructor.

 

Mt. Popocatépetl (Mount Popo), Mexico City

 

Mt. St. Helen’s, Washington State

 

Mt. Fuji, Japan

 

Mt. Rainer, Seattle, Washington

 

New Madrid Fault, central US

 

Iceland

 

Mt. Vesuvius, Italy

 

Mt. Kilueau, Hawaii